The history of health care

Returning several years, we can follow the historical backdrop of human services. Despite the fact that it has developed throughout the years, everything has a shared objective; to mend the individuals who are sick. Innovation is one of the significant developments and now assumes a major job in the medicinal services framework. It causes patients to be increasingly associated with their social insurance. They can cause arrangements, to catch up on test results, and contact their PCPs. In those days, they didn’t even have all the medication we have now, not to mention the innovation. We can just envision what is coming up for what's to come. Medicinal services includes such huge numbers of various fields thus a wide range of individuals; it is hard not to get intrigued by it. One thing that particularly interests me is how much illnesses and the treatment of them have changed. In the previous hundreds of years, plagues like cholera and smallpox were clearing across nations; presently they are infrequently known about. Right through the span of around a hundred years, and the vast majority of the maladies that were slaughtering a large number of individuals are presently terminated. Another basic executioner in those days could be something as straightforward as eating terrible food. They didn't have methods for defending food, so things like meat were not checked. It is astonishing to perceive how far they have come in propelling medicinal services. There are numerous parts of human services that interest me. I’ve consistently needed to be a medical caretaker; lamentably it is exceptionally hard to get into the program. Nonetheless, in the event that I ever return to do that, I would need to either work and conveyance or pediatrics. I have had the benefit of seeing the introduction of one of my nieces and it was the most astonishing experience. To be an attendant and being a piece of that every day would be amazing. I likewise have an extra weakness for kids, which is the reason pediatrics would likewise bear some significance with me. Hazardous illnesses don't just influence grown-ups. I feel that having the option to help youngsters would just assistance our future. Since medicinal services fluctuates all around the globe to the extent quality and innovation, it is protected to state that there are some positive and negatives dependent on the socioeconomics. For instance, those living in the United States are very fortunate all in all; we have genuinely trend setting innovation to the extent medical procedure and medication go. Our medical clinics are acceptable, and the specialists are very much prepared. It is more outlandish that wide spread pandemics will occur here in light of the severe guidelines on food and other significant components. Likewise, since we are modernized, we don’t need to truly â€Å"rough it† like some do in underdeveloped nations. In any case, in the event that we slender it down much farther we will find that there are negatives also. Individuals in more destitution stricken territories are bound to have a not all that decent medical clinic and presumably not the best specialists. Various pieces of the world will likewise have an alternate quality consideration simply dependent on the assets accessible to them. Numerous individuals go to the US only for clinical systems that is impossible in their nation. As I would see it, age likewise has an impact in human services. It nearly appears just as the more established you get, the less they appear to mind. I don't know whether it’s on the grounds that they figure you are as of now on out and not worth the exertion, yet dependent on what I have seen with my grandparents, their nature of care is very lower. There are numerous assets accessible to discover more data on the historical backdrop of social insurance. I accept the most well-known would be the web. Since it has such a significant number of alternatives accessible with only a tick of the mouse, it is likewise the quickest. Be that as it may, one should be cautious about believability on the web. Clinical diaries or government destinations are bound to be precise, instead of a blog or other online stubborn sites. Another approach to do research would be old fashioned way, a printed asset. In spite of the fact that they are once in a while utilized, clinical diaries or papers from a neighborhood library could be another approach to get the data you would require about social insurance. Social insurance has changed from numerous points of view, for the most part for the great. Patients are progressively engaged with their clinical consideration. The utilization of the web is getting progressively predominant, and doesn't give indications of easing back down. Medication is advancing to improve things and remedies for some, illnesses may before long be not too far off. With such a large number of things occurring on the double we can't overlook where everything began and how it will advance from now. The historical backdrop of medicinal services assumes a job in the entirety of this, if not exclusively to remind us where everything started.

Harshad Mehta Scam Free Essays

string(95) must perceive that as long as the trick endured, the banks profited by such an arrangement. Harshad Mehta trick: Harshad Mehtaâ was an Indian stockbroker and is affirmed to have built the ascent in the BSE stock trade in the year 1992. Misusing a few escape clauses in the financial framework, Harshad and his partners redirected assets from between bank exchanges and purchased shares intensely including some hidden costs across numerous portions, setting off an ascent in the Sensex. At the point when the plan was uncovered, the banks began requesting the cash back, causing the breakdown. We will compose a custom exposition test on Harshad Mehta Scam or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now He was later accused of 72 criminal offenses and in excess of 600 common activity suits were recorded against him. He kicked the bucket in 2002 with numerous cases as yet pending against him. 3. 1 Ready Forward Deal (RF): †¢ The vital system through which the trick was affected was the Ready Forward arrangement. †¢ The Ready Forward Deal (RF) is fundamentally a made sure about present moment (regularly multi day) advance starting with one bank then onto the next bank. The loaning is done against Government Securities precisely the manner in which a pawnbroker loans against gems. †¢ In truth one can say that the acquiring bank really offers the protections to the loaning bank and repurchases them toward the finish of the time of the advance at (regularly) a somewhat more significant expense. It was this RF bargain that Harshad Mehta and his partners utilized with incredible accomplishment to channel cash from banking framework. 3. 2 The Mechanics of the Scam: As clarified over, a prepared forward arrangement is, in substance, a tied down advance starting with one bank then onto the next. To make the trick conceivable , the RF needed to experience a total change. As such it for all intents and purposes needed to turn into an unbound credit to expedite. This was brilliantly built by the agents. To give a superior comprehension of the instrument, the entire procedure has been isolated into 3 distinct parts. . The settlement procedure 2. Installment checks 3. Apportioning the security 1. The settlement Process: ? The ordinary settlement process in government protections is that the executing banks make installments and convey the protections legitimately to one another. ? During the trick, in any case, the banks or if nothing else a few banks received an elective settlement process which was like the procedure utilized for settling exchanges in the securities exchange. ? In this settlement procedure, conveyances of protections and installments are made through the representative. That is, the dealer hands over the protections to the specialist who gives them to the purchaser, while the purchaser gives the check to the agent who at that point makes the installment to the vender. ? In this settlement procedure, the purchaser and the vender may not know whom they have exchanged with, both being known distinctly to the intermediary. ? There were two significant reasons why the dealer intermediated settlement started to be utilized in the administration protections markets. ? The dealers rather than only uniting purchasers and merchants began taking situations in the market. At the end of the day, they began exchanging for their own, and it could be said became advertise creators in certain protections along these lines granting more noteworthy liquidity to the business sectors. ? At the point when a bank needed to hide the way that it was doing a RF bargain, the intermediary proved to be useful. The intermediary gave contract notes to this reason with invented counter gatherings, however organized the genuine settlement to happen with the right counter gathering. 2. Installment Checks: ? An intermediary intermediated settlement permitted the agent to lay his hands on the check as it moved between different banks through him. The obstacle currently was to discover a method of attributing the check to his record however it was attracted favor of a bank and was crossed record payee. ? As it occurs, it is absolutely a matter of banking custom that a record payee check is paid uniquely to the payee referenced on the check. Truth be told, special cases were being made to this standard, a long time before the trick became exposed. ? Advantaged (corporate) clients were routinely permitted to credit account payee checks for a bank into their own records to abstain from clearing delays, in this way decreasing the premium lost on the sum. Typically, if a client gets a check in his own kindness and stores it into his own record, it might take a day or two for the check to be cleared and for the assets to open up to the client. At 15% intrigue, the intrigue misfortune on a freeing delay from two days for a Rs. 100 crores check is about Rs. 8 lakhs. ? Then again, when banks make installments to one another by composin g keeps an eye for them with the RBI, these checks are cleared around the same time. ? The training which in this way rose was that a client would acquire a check drawn on the RBI preferring not himself but rather his bank. The bank would get the cash and credit his record that day. ? This was the training which the specialists in the currency advertise misused to their advantage. 3. Administering the security: ? The intermediaries accordingly found a method of getting hold of the checks as they moved between different banks and attributing the sums to their records. This adequately changed a RF into an advance to a specialist instead of to a bank. ? Be that as it may, this, without anyone else, would not have prompted the trick on the grounds that the RF after everything is a made sure about credit, and a tied down advance to an agent is still made sure about. What was fundamental currently was to discover a method of disposing of the security itself! There are three courses received for this reason: 1. A few banks (or rather their authorities) were convinced to leave behind checks without really getting protections consequently. A basic clarification of this is the authorities concerned were paid off and additionally careless. An increasingly captivating chance is that the banks’ senior/top administration knew about this and turned a Nelson’s eye to it to profit by better yields the merchants could offer by redirecting the assets to the securities exchange. One must perceive that as long as the trick kept going, the banks profited by such a game plan. You read Harshad Mehta Scam in classification Papers The administration of banks may have been painfully enticed to embrace this course to higher gainfulness. 2. The subsequent course was to supplant the genuine protections by a useless bit of paper †a phony Bank Receipt (BR). This is examined in more prominent detail in the following area. 3. The third technique was basically to manufacture the protections themselves. As a rule, PSU bonds were spoken to just by distribution letters instead of endorsements on security paper. Also, it is simpler to manufacture an apportioning letter for Rs. 100 crores worth of protections than it is to fashion a 100 rupee note! Out and out fabrication of this sort anyway represented just a little piece of the all out assets abused 3. Bank Receipt: ? In a RF bargain, as we have talked about it up until now, the acquiring bank conveys the real protections to the moneylender and takes them back on reimbursement of the advance. By and by, in any case, this isn't normally done. Rather, the borrower gives a Bank Receipt (BR) which serves three capacities: ? The BR affirms the offer of protections. ? It goes about as a receipt for the cash got by the selling bank. Consequently the name †bank receipt. ? It vows to convey the protections to the purchaser. It additionally expresses that meanwhile the dealer holds the protections in trust for the purchaser. ? To put it plainly, a BR is something like an IOU (I owe you protections! ), and the utilization of the BR accepted proselytes a RF bargain into an unbound credit. The loaning bank no longer has the protections; it has just the borrower’s confirmation that the borrower has the protections which can/will be conveyed if/when the need emerges. BRs gave without Backing of Securities: ? As expressed before, a BR should suggest that the guarantor really has the protections and holds them in trust for the purchaser. However, as a general rule the guarantor might not have the protections by any means. ? There are two reasons why a bank may give a BR, which isn't sponsored by genuine protections: 1. A bank may short sell protections, that is, it sells protections it doesn't have. This would be done if the bank feels that the costs of these protections would diminish. Since this would be an inside and out deal (not a RF! ), the bank gives a BR. At the point when the protections do fall in esteem, the bank gets them at lower costs and releases the BR by conveying the protections sold. Short selling in some structure is a necessary piece of most security showcases on the planet. It very well may be contended that some measure of shortselling subject somewhat of guideline is an alluring component of a security advertise. As we would see it, an inside and out deal utilizing a BR, which isn't upheld by protections, isn't destructive fundamentally however it abuses the RBI rules. 2. The subsequent explanation is that the bank may basically need an unbound advance. It might then do a RF bargain giving a â€Å"fake† BR which is a BR with no protections to back them. The loaning bank would be under a mixed up impression that it is making a made sure about advance when it is really propelling an unbound credit. Clearly, moneylenders ought to have taken measures to shield themselves from such a chance During the trick, the representatives consummated the specialty of utilizing counterfeit BRs to acquire unbound credits from the financial framework. They convinced some little and mostly secret banks †the Bank of Karad (BOK) and the Metropolitan Cooperative Bank (MCB) †to give BRs as and when required. These BRs could then be utilized to do RF manages different banks. The checks for BOK were, obviously, credited into the brokers’ accounts. In actuality, a few arge banks made colossal unbound credits to the BOK/MCB which thus brought in the cash accessible to the agents. 4. Breakdown of the Control framework in trick: ? The trick was made conceivable by a total breakdown of the control framework both inside the business banks just as the control arrangement of the RBI itself. ? We will look at these control

Assessment for Learning Essay

The consequences of the individual overview of appraisal education demonstrated that general contemplations scored 87/90, before test configuration scored 53/55, composing the test scored 28/30, during test organization scored 15/15, and in the wake of testing reflected 25/25. Our school is a little non-public school with little study hall sizes. Accordingly, the greater part of our understudies get particular one on one consideration and solid management for their scholarly achievement. Educators accept each understudy can and will succeed. It's anything but an alternative to do something else. â€Å"Teachers must accept that all understudies can accomplish a specific degree of scholastic achievement, must carry the entirety of their understudies to accept this of themselves, must oblige the way that understudies learn at various rates by utilizing separated guidance, and must guide all understudies toward the fulfillment of standards† (Stiggins, 2005, pg. 326). How we test understudies need to think about the effect of the student (Stiggins, 2008). Stiggins (2008) educated instructors to use evaluations for understudies by taking a gander at the study hall level of utilization, the program level of utilization, and the institutional responsibility and arrangement level of utilization. Taking a gander at the school overview of evaluation proficiency will consider these three kinds of appraisal utilizes and their significance in creating a responsibility framework for our school to build up a framework that cultivates learning for all understudies. My most noteworthy zone of solidarity concerning appraisal proficiency can be found in during test organization (15/15) and in the wake of testing (25/25). These were impeccable scores and delineated that student’s needs were met while considering the testing condition as helpful for expand understudy execution and observing the understudies as they take ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 3 the test. Bearings are in every case clear and inquiries are once in a while posed. Tests are precisely scored on the grounds that they are investigated twice. Appraisal information is accumulated for what addresses understudies addressed mistakenly and notes are made for development of material showed the next year. It is checked on again after the aftereffects of the test are finished to guarantee authority before proceeding onward to the following section. The primary objective is consistently on understudy accomplishment and authority of the material. The information alters guidance to improve understudy execution. Any understudies who do ineffectively are allowed the chance to retest for 92% of the evaluation for development and dominance. Guardians are informed of any understudy getting underneath a 86%. This is our school arrangement. Retests are allowed inside seven days of the first test. Tests are evaluated that day and given back the following day. This empowers understudies to see what they got off-base and survey approaches to improve for the retest or ace the material. Evaluations are not generally tests. Activities, reports, PC utilizes, and so on are fundamental approaches to survey understudy learning through a plenty of ways. Gardner (1999) accepted that understudies learn through spatial, phonetic, naturalist, relational, intrapersonal, substantial sensation, consistent/scientific, melodic, and existential. Instructors ought to perceive that assorted variety needs an on-going nearness, accessibility, and dynamic cooperation in the study hall showing process (Spasovski, 2010). â€Å"If society needs all understudies to satisfy guidelines, at that point all understudies must accept they can fulfill those guidelines; they all must be sufficiently sure to be eager to face the challenge of trying† (Stiggins, 2008, p. 8). My most prominent restriction as to evaluation proficiency is working with associates to structure basic appraisals. Since we are a little non-public school, educators are left ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 4 with the assignment of arranging their own appraisals. Our chief will gracefully the appraisals made by the distributer in book structure or disc rom or instructors can arrange their own. None of us work with associates to make appraisals. We have group gatherings that cross show certain regions that are being concentrated to upgrade learning across orders of educating. In any case, evaluations are each teacher’s obligation. The Stanford test scores examine our instructing efficiency. Information is broke down for the erroneous answer. The outcomes address the most vulnerable territory of understudy learning. Instructors are to discover answers for fix them through information and research of demonstrated methodologies that work inside fruitful homerooms. As per Creighton (2001), gathering information without design is good for nothing. Information driven dynamic and instructional initiative help each other. By examining the information that exist in our schools, understudy accomplishment and quality in educating and learning can improve to help understudies to become ardent students. Section 2: Analyzing the Survey Results The overview aftereffects of the rules for the school review of evaluation proficiency scored 84/90. Evaluation, educational program, and guidance are adjusted in our school. Evaluations are adjusted to benchmarks, guidelines, and platform of material after some time to encourage students’ learning. To advance understudy accomplishment, appraisals are differed and dependable. Correspondence is cultivated with guardians about execution through messages, appraisals sent home requiring marks, progress reports, report cards, and Stanford test scores. Since our understudies score in the 79-99% positioning of Stanford test scores as a class normal, instructors look for arrangements through information to ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 5 improve class normal grades. On the off chance that any understudy did inadequately, educators look for ways that will improve understudy learning. Principals and educators can figure out how to move through the measurable information to help make objectives and procedures for change and improvement (Creighton, 2001). The school’s most prominent zone of solidarity with respect to appraisal education was that information based choices about understudy authority of gauges are made cooperatively by executives and instructors. By taking a gander at our qualities, openings, shortcomings, and dangers, instructors can increase wise data into how they may best serve their various students’ needs and chairmen can discover answers for helping these understudies accomplish an ideal learning involvement with school. This makes an open door for instructors and chairmen to cooperate to improve understudy accomplishment. By comprehension our differing students’ needs, educators and overseers can see the master plan and find reasonable answers for issues that emerge at their school. This year we have added an asset space to help battling understudies with unique needs find support from an ESE instructor. Educational plans are adjusted to oblige student’s needs dependent on any language or learning obstructions. The predominant culture of the country state should consolidate parts of their encounters, societies, and dialects, which will enhance the standard culture just as help minimized gatherings to encounter metro correspondence and acknowledgment (Gutmann, 2004). Educators have proficient improvement meetings and group gatherings to evaluate demonstrated systems and research to enable understudies to learn. â€Å"When instructors bolster understudies by approaching them with deference and thinking about their prospects, and support understudies by helping them to succeed, understudies are more probable ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 6 to regard and coexist with each other; when instructed how to be increasingly open minded of others, understudies display more prominent tolerance† (Gollnick and Chinn, 2006). Our school atmosphere is multicultural and is reflected in each part of the instruction at our school. This is basic in the event that we need our understudies to contend in a worldwide economy and to guarantee learning and value for all understudies. The school’s most prominent restriction as to appraisal education is that not all instructors perceive students’ enthusiastic association with evaluation and its outcomes. Additionally, the developmental appraisals are not utilized consistently to advise individuals definitely where to center their improvement endeavors and how to do it in an opportune way. My understudies gripe that a few educators take a month to review papers. Guardians gripe to me that different instructors don't comprehend their child’s uncommon requirements. For example, I have an understudy with dysgraphia, dyslexia, and ADHD. For spelling tests, I have thought that it was valuable to ring him after tests and have him spell the word to me verbally that he got off-base recorded as a hard copy and he frequently gets it right. He has changed from a bombing understudy to a â€Å"A† understudy. I grade his paper following he hands it over and I request that he spell the words he got off-base to me verbally. At the point when understudies are coming up short, instructors need to discover suitable answers for increment understudy learning. No single appraisal is equipped for responding to every one of these inquiries to help a student’s learning capacities. A beneficial, staggered evaluation framework is expected to guarantee precision of every single instructional choice (Stiggins, 2008). Depending intensely on Stanford test scores hinders a student’s enthusiastic association with appraisal and its outcomes. Rather a wide course of action of understudy work ought to turn out to be a piece of a portfolio to decide the general ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING 7 achievement pace of an understudy. â€Å"If all understudies are to succeed, they should have ceaseless access to dependable proof of their own scholastic accomplishment at acing recommended accomplishment standards† (Stiggins, 2008, p. 8). Information shows instructors regions that need improvement in educating, student’s shortcomings, and how to improve next time. This will empower understudies to construct self-adequacy when educators help understudies to perceive what achievement resembles through evaluation investigation to improve test taking whenever (Stiggins, 2008). This is the explanation our school offers a retest at 92% of the evaluation. This is the thing that Stiggins alludes to as supplanting the terrorizing of responsibility as the essential helper through tests with the guarantee of scholarly accomplishment for all learn

Calligraphy in Islam

Calligraphy is the type of workmanship which indicate signs and letters in an expressive structure, it’s a type of visual craftsmanship which was created in western Europe by priests around 1500 years prior. It is a painting which is assists with communicating feelings through structures and show the scholarly aptitudes of a person. it is Greek word characterized by greek roots Kalli meaning delightful and appealing and gharphia alludes to composing. The point of this proposition is to talk about the job of calligraphy in islam and various kinds of calligraphy. Calligraphy is the tongue of the hand, the enjoyment of the inner voice, the envoy of the psyche, the inheritor of the idea, the weapon of information, the partner of missing companion, the converser with them over significant distances, the storehouse of insider facts, and register of occasions. † †Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad Ash-Shaybani Many religions have utilized workmanship to picture their center tenet. Islam has utilized the shapes and sizes of word and letter in calligraphy which is a vital type of workmanship for Islamic visual articulation and motivation. It picture the social estimations of Muslims. The Islamic calligraphy is a sign of most muslim social orders it stands apart with other calligraphic convention with adaptability and its pertinent to any enlivening reason, from the eighth century it turned out to be progressively normalized and holding with Muslim character unquestionably more immovably than any composing custom. The devices utilized by calligrapher are one of a kind which incorporates reeds and brush pens, scissors, a blade for cutting the pens, an ink pot, and a honing device, The customary method to hold the pen,† as indicated by Safadi, â€Å"is with center finger, index finger, and thumb very much scattered along the (pen's) shaft. Just the lightest conceivable weight is applied. † The most excellent reeds were local to the seaside grounds of the Persian Gulf. Qalams the most esteemed items are specified over the whole Muslim world. A cultivated and convenient copyist would require diverse qalams so as to accomplish various degrees of fineness. Inks utilized are of different hues yet the ink most utilized is dark and earthy colored, since there intensity and textures can be modified, Many of the calligraphers are give preparing on the best way to get ready ink while different suggests that their formula is a mystery. Despite the fact that methods contrast starting with one spot then onto the next spot, most inks depended on sediment or light dark blended in with water and gum-Arabic. Different fixings are indigo, minced nerve nuts, and henna. The last phase of planning included stressing the ink through silk. Additionally, the ink may be perfumed whenever wanted. There are various types of calligraphy confined to Islam the most widely recognized among them is Kufic. It has amalgamation of square and rakish lines toward one side, and minimized strong round structures on the other. It arrived at flawlessness in the late 8 century and became to just content to compose Quran for following 300 years. Taliq calligraphy which was created in Iran in the tenth century made by Hassan Ibn Husayn yet because of extraordinary improvement by abd-ul-malk its generally partnered with him. It is composed with thick nipped pen with cook corner cuts, it’s a mix of short meager vertical with wide flat whose characteristic length is misrepresented at every possible opportunity and particularly toward the finish of work. Thuluth is medieval Islamic style of written by hand letters in order. It’s composed on principium that 33% of each letter inclines. It is monstrous and extravagant calligraphy content which is regularly utilized for titles as opposed to the long content. The letters are round and possibly written in line so close that the component of letters meet with one another. A significant number of its discripence are found on compositional landmarks just as on glass, metalwork, materials, and wood. Naskh which implies â€Å"copying,† resembles a sudden spike in demand for a factory which was utilized in common correspondence and the creation of abstract works. It has a customary appearance. This calligraphic content of Ibn Muqla was accompanied to greatness by Ibn Al-Bawwaba, a house decorator who turned his hand to calligraphy. In tenth century it was utilized for composing the Quran and this craftsmanship never finished in Persia However, it is Mirza Ahmad Nayrizi, in the mid eighteenth century who is viewed as the last incredible ace of naskh. There were numerous late advancement in the Calligraphy. The Safavid administration in 1502 delivered an enlightening showstoppers of Islamic workmanship. During the time of Shah Isma'il and his replacement Shah Tahmasp (1524-1576), the Ta'liq content was designed and formed into a generally utilized local content which prompted the creation of a lighter and increasingly rich variant called Nasta'liq. The word Nasta'liq is a compound word got from Naskh and Ta'liq The Mughals lived and reigned in India from 1526 to 1858. This tradition was the best, most extravagant, and longest enduring Muslim line to lead India. They delivered some best fine art in the history. Nasta'liq, Naskh, and Thuluth were embraced by the Muslim calligraphers during this time. The enthusiastic advancement of calligraphy in India prompted the formation of new forms of Naskh and Thuluth. These Mughal contents are thicker and bolder, the letters are generally divided, and the bends are increasingly adjusted. Calligraphy was amazingly refreshing in this time particularly when the Taj Mahal was assembled. One name remains firmly connected with It with the eminent calligraphic engravings showed in the geometric friezes on the white marble †that is the name of the clever calligrapher Amanat Khan, whose genuine name was Abd ul-Haq. It very well may be demonstrated that the reality, that the Arabic calligraphy has more emphatically connected with Islam than the Arabic language itself. That is, even uneducated individuals who couldn't imagine either spoken or composed Arabic knew quickly when they were in a Muslim situation when they saw the Arabic content obviously showed in calligraphy. This uncommon capacity of the Islamic calligraphy proceeds to the current day. Referencing: Sana Naveed. (2006). islamic calligraphy craftsmanship. Accessible: http://www.muhammadanart.com/. Last got to seventeenth feb 2011. Islami City. (2005). islamic calligraphy . Accessible: http://www.islamicity.com/culture/calligraphy/. Last got to seventeenth feb 2011. Exhibition hall Of Fine Arts. (202009). Presentation: Traces of the Calligrapher. Accessible: http://sites.asiasociety.org/islamiccalligraphy/presentation hints of-the-calligrapher/. Last got to seventeenth feb 2011. Mamoon Shakkal. (1993). The Language And The Script. Accessible: http://www.sakkal.com/ArtArabicCalligraphy.html. Last got to seventeenth feb 2011. Wilson, Diana Hardy. (1990). The reference book of calligraphy methods: Headline. p34-56. Saramago (1995). Manual of painting and calligraph: Carcanet, in relationship with Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation,. p1-17.

How to Write a Paper About Yourself

How to Write a Paper About YourselfDo you have the skills to write a paper about yourself? Do you feel a little unsure about writing it? If so, you may be able to find help in two ways.The first way is to just learn about yourself and want to know how you want your paper to go. Ask yourself questions about your passions, goals, what you enjoy, and anything else that might be important to you. The second way to find help is to do some research. It's always a good idea to get ideas from other people's writings.They can give you ideas and even give you advice if they have written about their own life. When you're writing a paper about yourself, it's important to have a clear vision of what you want your writing to look like. Then, you'll be able to identify the best sources to learn about yourself.When looking for sources for how to write a paper about yourself, consider whether they have already done it. It's not likely that everyone has the expertise in writing papers that you have. T here are many different types of people out there that have good writing skills and would be more than happy to help you. You just need to find them and ask.One of the best ways to find good sources of writing about yourself is to ask people you trust for writing samples. Tell them you are looking for writing samples, and ask them if they have any to give you. One of the most helpful and surprising sources to learn about yourself is someone you know. You may know someone who is better at writing than you are, or perhaps you'll learn more about yourself from someone who's not as good.When writing a paper about yourself, you'll also want to make sure that you find someone who will be able to help you write your essay on time. This could be the worst nightmare for many writers. That's why the best place to find good writers is online. There are many places that offer great writers to choose from and will be happy to help you with your paper.Make sure that you know the writer's reputati on. Do a little bit of research to find out how well they've done in the past, and talk to them personally about their work. By doing this, you should find that it's a good choice to use for someone who has experience writing papers about themselves.Writing a paper about yourself is a big project, but it doesn't have to be stressful if you know where to look for help. Make sure you ask for some writers' references, and make sure you hire someone who has a good reputation to work with.

Overview Of Securitization And Financial Structure Product Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

There have a larger number of developed countries faced a banking crisis (124 systemic banking crisis during the period from 1970 to 2007) and the recent global 2007-2008 financial crisis, which is different from many previous financial crisis that affected the global financial system during past several decades. Various studies investigated the role of securitization and structured finance product that causing the global financial crisis and banking crisis. This paper will base on some theoretical literature and examine current banking and financial crisis in order to provide a better understanding of the role of securitization and structure finance product as the reason of global financial crisis and banking crisis in the developed countries. This paper is organized in the following manner. The first part will briefly define what securitization and structure finance product are. The second part will highlight the role how securitization should play in the economy and why this role is important. It also evaluates the problem in subprime mortgage in the United State. The third part will present the development of financial innovation have effect to create, spread the crisis. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief summary. 2. The overview of securitization and financial structure product 2.1. The overview of securitization Securitisation is as essential to the financial system as any organised markets are. Securitization has developed and played an important role in the banking. According to Jobst (2008), securitization is the process in which certain types of assets are pooled so that they can be repacked into interest-bearing securities. The interest and principal payments from the assets are passed through to the purchasers of the securities Furthermore, Mizen (2008) indicates that securitization played a key role in the financial market in the U.S. and strongly supports the financing of the financial system, in two main respects: First, securitization may contribute to the expansion of the financial support base by transforming illiquid assets into assignable securities for the long-term. Second, securitization may offer a better match between the borrowers and investors. Figure 1. The securitization Landscape (International Monetary Fund 2009:80) Covered bonds Securitization Pass-through securities: U.S government-sponsored enterprises mortgage-backed securities Real estate investment trusts Structure finance: Asset-backed securities and asset-backed commercial paper Mortgage-backed securities Collateral debt obligations 2.2. The overview of structured finance product According to Evans (2010), when securitization has different and unequal priority, this led to structure finance emerged. Firstly, there are three type of security including Senior, Mezzanine, and Junior. Then the development of structured finance product was more complex with Collateralised Debit Obligations, and CDO squared. This will be illustrated in the graph below CDO2 Mortgage MBS CDO The structured product has fluctuated dramatically in the last decade. For instance, in the United States and Europe, issuance finance structure product increases from 500 billion dollar to 2.6 trillion dollar, 2000 and 2007 respectively (Kodres 2008). However, in 2008 these quantities had declined sharply. 3. The development in the banking model amongst developed countries and The U.S subprime mortgage crisis 3.1. The development in the banking model amongst developed countries Looking at first, beginning in 1980s, Kidwell et al. (2007) indicates that there was an increase in the involve of banks and securitization which offers a number of benefit to banks such as banks can reduce the amount of liabilities and assets by selling more than holding loans; moreover, securitization offers a source of funding loan which is less expensive than other fund. In 1988, new kind of securities include commercial paper, securities backed which a process making loans tradable, et; that emerge in commercial bank Kidwell et al. (2007) offers the explanation of why commercial bank wants to operate as investment banking; the reason is the activity of investment bank was more profitable than commercial banking activity; furthermore, investment bank is more flexibility than commercial bank, in 1999 with the Financial Service Modernization Act. At the same time, in contrary, investment banks were allowed to get into activities, which was traditionally commercial bank activity. In contrast to investment banks, commercial banks focus on taking deposit and lending. However, the bank originating the loan did not necessarily fund the loan. Supporting this point, UBM TechWeb (2008) argue that the change in the banking models because some reason: firstly, commercial bank has advantages over investment bank: a good illustration of this is while commercial banks have enable to access to the discount window and enable to borrow from the Federal Reserve, the most secure liquidity source, investment bank have not have this condition. As a result, unlevered investment bank would either disappear or be transformed into commercial bank. On the other hand, Evans (2010) demonstrates that increasing the number of traditional model of banking becomes commercial banking which is more popular, larger, and relevant. According to Mullineux and Murinde (2003), banks play a vital role in the economy and the bank failure has led to the collapse of the financial system. The major cause of financial crisis is the banking area with the unbalance information, agency trouble and moral hazard. For example, banks in a number of developed countries have experienced severe banking crisis. In the sense, Laeven and Valencia (2008) point out banking crisis which means there are a greater number of non-payment in the financial sector, a countrys corporate and bank face huge problems repaying contracts on time which has led to the asset is excess liabilities The different between current crisis episodes and previous crisis episodes is the expansion of liquidity support not only to commercial bank like previous crisis but also to investment bank (Laeven and Valencia 2008). One of the advantages of commercial bank and investment bank is their off-balance sheet which can make use of assets for purposes of investment without risks of bankrupt to these banks system. For instance, investment bank does not maintain the securities of the company in its balance sheet and they sells them to investor, trading activity, which is more complex, risky, and different functions of classic on balance sheet such as loan expansion, deposit taking. For example: Traditional banks originated illiquid loans and funded them with liquid deposits. Consequence, decrease in deposit supply which leading to falls loan supply and reduce in the securities value Balance sheet Asset Liabilities Loan -securities 100 - 95 Deposit 90 securities falling value 40 Equity 10 -5 withdraw deposit 40 3.2. The U.S subprime mortgage crisis Jobst (2008) indicates that securitization started in 1970s. Park (2009) point out that during the period from 2004-2007, US subprime mortgage markets exploded and melted down, as an example, the housing bubble explode in early 2007 that led to quick decrease in the market value of many securities such as Mortgage Backed Securities, CMOs and CDOs. There are two types of mortgage in the U.S such as prime and subprime. Subprime mortgage means lenders used to offer mortgage, lower quality and nonstandard mortgages to borrowers with nonstandard income or credit profiles and one of these borrowers is Ninja loans borrowers have no income, little or no assets, and no job; After that these subprime mortgage loans were sold rapidly to Wall Street Company as collaterals for securitization. These loan were ensured high ratings, however, their value depend on the movements in the price of house. Therefore, when decreasing the price of house led to failure to pay the loan increased in the subprim e mortgage sector, as a result the crisis occurrence. 3.3. The role of securitization and structure finance product in the banking crisis and global financial crisis. Mizen (2008) point out commercial bank and investment bank undertake securitization through special purpose vehicles which create new asset-backed securities and enable sell the product with different risk ratings for each level. International Monetary Fund (2009) provides securitization play an important role in banks due to they allowed banks more actions in lending, liquidity risk and less cost for the bank to hold. Laeven and Valencia (2008) demonstrates that almost crisis have used generous liquidity support to deal with illiquidity banks; which means banks use Asset-backed securitization that is the process transformation of illiquid assets into liquid assets ( Mullineux and Murinde 2003). For instance, previous to the fail of the securitization, in the United States, Japan, and Western, asset-backed securities and covered bond offered the new residential mortgage loan approximately 20 to 60 percent. In addition, Park (2009) argue that A larger commercial banks acting as credit enhancers for the securitized instrument in order to satisfy the growing demand for new mortgage loans, that become most crucial materials for the securitization process Financial crisis: how it happened 4. The role of financial innovation in creation, spread of the crisis The current financial crisis is different and much more complex than earlier financial crisis because the development of financial innovation such as new ways of packaging, reselling assets in MBS and more complex, subprime mortgage which weaker fundamental assets (Mizen 2008). Park (2009) demonstrates that the primary cause of the current global financial crisis is the misuse of financial innovation such as new financial products, structure finance product, and risk management. Another reasons is balance sheet mismatches, on or off balance sheet To begin with, the question arises as to the traditional model of banking would find and make the loans and hold the loans to maturity and fund it themselves which bearing the credit risk. Many economists argued without securitization and structure finance the banking would be less bad loan made due to securitization and structure finance lend so many bad loan. Secondly, the securitization and structure finance play a vital role in banking crisis because of creating and spreading in many countries financial system, and deepening the crisis (Evans 2010) According to Evans (2010), there are a rose rapidly of securitization and structure finance in Europe and The United State due to they seem to be benefit for everybody. For borrowers they can access to international capital market and securities market that was unavailable to them previously and probably cheaper. In addition, for originators of loan could back the loan together without having to fund them. This led to emerge of subprime mortgage in securitization. On the other hand, Laeven and Valencia (2008) argue that in 1980, bank building society made many bad loans which not spread to another country; nevertheless, when U.S faced with problem in the housing market which spread to many countries. The reasons for this problem are when the dollar did depreciate against the Euro in the previous 2007; however there was not a decline sharply in the demand of US assets due to the use of dollar as a reserve currency. Moreover, the US mortgage market has spread with the speediness to many countries Evans (2010) highlight the reason of this is the securitization and structure finance product creates marketable securities out of the underlying non-marketable loans and complicated financial assets with relatively high-yielding assets and good credit ratings. In addition, King (2007) indicates that there was a strong demand for high yields assets such as MBSs and CDOs. Supporting to this point, Mizen (2008) argue that these securities, which were sold in the worldwide financial markets due to the high yields that attractive to investor. As a result, the subprime mortgage in the U.S spread internationally. Therefore, this clear that risk about uncertain of unfolding of the subprime crisis in the U.S was misprice and opaque in exposures and the complexity of structure finance product Evans (2010) highlight that the process of securitization and structure finance created very complex from the underlying loans, which led to the quality of these securities were opaque In addition, according to International Monetary Fund (2009), the securitization and structure finance have to become simpler, transparent in order to improve liquidity in the future 5. Conclusion As we know, the development of securitization and structure finance is vital for the financial market growth. It is undeniable that the role of securitization and structured finance products on financial market has caused the recent banking and financial crisis in the worldwide, particularly in developed countries. The recent crisis has been far more complex than earlier crisis because financial innovation has allowed new ways of packaging and reselling assets. From several decades, the securitization always changes their rules in order to achieve efficient and fair in their operation. Although there are some signs of improvement, in this sense, securitisation is still certainly unable to fulfil the objectives. However, if securitization works properly securitisation should be a welfare-improving tool which makes financial market more efficient and reduce transaction costs. Nowadays, there was an increase in securitisation which use by bank as a resort, beside with other innovations such as credit derivatives, which is the next step in the growth of securitization, and help to reduce barrier for investor. Given the rapid expansion of loan securitization (as well as the growth of loan sales and syndication), the results suggest that access to capital is less subject to variations in the supply of local deposits to banks than in the past. https://www.americansecuritization.com the importance of securitization

Comparing The Lottery and Hills Like White Elephants...

Comparing â€Å"The Lottery† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† â€Å"The Lottery† written by Shirley Jackson is a story based off of its point of view, the story would not be told or understood in the same way if it was written in a different point of view. This story keeps the interest of its readers because it has a point of view where only the people in the story know whats going to happen and know more information than the readers do. If this story was written in first person the readers would know what the lottery was from the beginning of the story and that would make the story not have the surprise ending that confuses the audience. â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written by Ernest Hemingway is also written in third person point of view.†¦show more content†¦If either of these stories were written in first person point of view the entire plot and conflict of the story would change and the audience would have a different outlook on th e overall story. In â€Å"The Lottery†, if the audience would have known it was a negative lottery it would have changed the effect the ending had on the audience. However, â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, would have more of an effect on the audience if it was written in first person point of view. This way the audience would be able to know the main conflict the couple is arguing about throughout the entire story, but the conclusion of the story would change the effect on the readers. Although both stories are wrote in the same point of view, each author interrupts their own personal effects to the stories in which they wrote. Jackson gives her audience clues and hints about the ending, such as the boys piling rocks in the corner of the room, that could be the first signs that the lottery was not what the audience expected it to be. Hemingway however does not take the same approach that Jackson did and did not give his readers clues in the actual text about the info rmation that is being with held from them. The titles of these two stories differ as well, â€Å"The Lottery† is a basic title for the overall story plot, but â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is a more complicated title that does not give a general over view of the story. The title is supposed to indicate important informationShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Hills Like White Elephants 909 Words   |  4 Pages2015 Essay Responses to Short Stories Discuss possible symbolic representations in â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†? In the story â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† the white elephant symbolizes a negative thing. No person would want anything to do with this. For example, the girl’s unborn child. In the beginning of the story the girl made a comment, and she said that the surrounding hills resemble white elephants. You may think the comment wasn’t unusual, but it really leads towards her talking aboutRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 PagesCalifornia USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7. When Wadsworth decided no longer to print the book, they returned their publishing rights to the original author, Bradley Dowden. The current version has been significantly revised. If you would like to suggest changes to the text, the author would appreciate your writing to him at dowden@csus.edu. iv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There isRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLoyalty Is an Outdated Concept 87 Questions for Review 88 Experiential Exercise What Factors Are Most Important to Your Job Satisfaction? 89 Ethical Dilemma Bounty Hunters 89 Case Incident 1 Long Hours, Hundreds of E-Mails, and No Sleep: Does This Sound Like a Satisfying Job? 90 Case Incident 2 Crafting a Better Job 91 4 Emotions and Moods 97 What Are Emotions and Moods? 98 The Basic Emotions 100 †¢ The Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect 100 †¢ The Function of Emotions 102 †¢ Sources ofRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 PagesHallam University and Visiting Professor, Northumbria University AMSTERDAM †¢ BOSTON †¢ HEIDELBERG †¢ LONDON †¢ NEW YORK †¢ OXFORD PARIS †¢ SAN DIEGO †¢ SAN FRANCISCO †¢ SINGAPORE †¢ SYDNEY †¢ TOKYO Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First published 1992 Second edition 1997 Reprinted 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003 Third edition 2005 Copyright  © 1992, 1997, 2005, Richard M.S. Wilson and Colin Gilligan. All rights reserved The rightRead MoreMerger and Acquisition: Current Issues115629 Words   |  463 PagesChinese MA: A Look at Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM PC Margaret Wang 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 Index Introduction History of Lenovo Lenovo’s acquisition of IBM PC After the merger Conclusion 249 249 249 250 253 255 259 Acknowledgments We would like to thank Stephen Rutt, Alexandra Dawe and Lisa von Fircks at Palgrave Macmillan for guiding us through the process. We also thank Keith Povey Editorial Services and his staff for the excellent work in editing this manuscript, and thanks also to a handful