The History of Math Essay examples -- essays research papers

The history of math has become an important study, from ancient to modern times it has been fundamental to advances in science, engineering, and philosophy. Mathematics started with counting. In Babylonia mathematics developed from 2000B.C. A place value notation system had evolved over a lengthy time with a number base of 60. Number problems were studied from at least 1700B.C. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems. The basic of mathematics was inherited by the Greeks and independent by the Greeks beg the major Greek progress in mathematics was from 300 BC to 200 AD. After this time progress continued in Islamic countries Unlike the Babylonians, the Egyptians did not develop fully their understanding of mathematics. Instead, they concerned themselves with practical applications of mathematics. Mathematics flourished in particular in Iran, Syria and India from 450B.C. Major progress in mathematics in Europe began again at the beginning of the 16th Century. The 17th Century saw Napier, Briggs and others greatly extend the power of mathematics as a calculator science with his discovery of logarithms. Cavalieri made progress towards the calculus with his infinitesimal methods and Descartes added the power of algebraic methods to geometry. Euclid, who lived around 300 BC in Alexandria, first stated his five postulates in his book The Elements that forms the base for all of his later Abu Abd-Allah ibn Musa al’Khwarizmi, was born abo...

I hold my duty as i hold my soul both to my God Essay

Polonius’ statement, found in Act Two, Scene Two, reflects the symmetry and order of the society he lives in. He inhabits a world of certainty and medieval convention. The play can be seen to challenge the statement, both in the action and in the characters, particularly in the character of Hamlet himself. It is Hamlet, the ‘renaissance’ man of the play, whose controversial attitude is constantly seen to challenge the medieval certainties that could still be seen in Jacobean society. Value was placed on duty to the monarch and to God; the institution of marriage was sacred and scientific reasoning was absolute and definite. All these things are challenged in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. The social and cultural climate of Jacobean society was such that certainties and conventions were held in high esteem- Shakespeare’s Hamlet is written in the context of, for example, the social hierarchy of the time, the medieval court, and religion. All of these are challenged in the play by both the characters and the plot. Even the very form of the statement challenges these certainties, for the couplet is a chiasmus- the symmetrical structure reflects the very nature of the society in which Polonius lives. In Shakespeare’s time society was beginning to ask some of the questions which Shakespeare addresses through the character of Hamlet. Most people embraced a rational, scientific line of thinking – Elizabethans were not always heavily superstitious. For example, in Act one, Scene one, Horatio expresses doubt at the existence of the ghost: ‘Before my God, I might not this believe Without the sensible and true avouch Of mine own eyes. ‘ They also began to question the old hierarchy and the natural order of things- such as God and ‘gracious king’ upon the dawn of the Renaissance. The idea of society as a fixed structure and everything being ordained in the world was indeed a strong certainty. Hamlet has a clear vision of things as they are – he is a realist, a Renaissance man, unlike characters such as Claudius and Polonius who Shakespeare portrays to be lacking in vision. Shakespeare shows the court to be full of people who think that all these things are absolute simply because they have always been a certain way. Hamlet is also the main vehicle through which Shakespeare conveys his views. Hamlet has indeed been brought up with medieval and religious certainties too. ‘Or that the everlasting had not fix’d His canon ‘gainst self- slaughter. ‘ A modern audience may very well see Hamlet as being rather tame- a twenty-first century rebel would not acknowledge proprieties such as the divine ban on suicide- but Hamlet seeks more than revenge. He is a melancholy individual, who searches for the answers to some of these questions; through the title statement, Shakespeare challenges his contemporary audience and the modern audience to question these certainties too. Hamlet’s clear vision is in direct contrast to the other characters, in the sense that he is the only character who is prepared to question these certainties and to try and define, in a sense, what the true meaning of life is, what it is all about. Shakespeare challenges the statement of duty to God and king by implying, through the character of Hamlet that life is underpinned by something other than the monarch and the church. Hamlet is totally aware of the beauty of the world yet at the same time has a pessimistic outlook on the gifts of man as we are all destined to die anyway: ‘What piece of work is a man, How noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving how express and admirable, in action how like an angel, in apprehension how like a god: ‘and yet to me what is this quintessence of dust? ‘ The character of Polonius is underpinned by values such as duty to God and king- this is illustrated not only in Act Two Scene Two but also in Act One Scene Three: ‘This above all : to thine own self be true, As it must follow the night the day Thou canst not then be false to any man. ‘ This quotation illustrates a simplistic outlook on life. The main way in which Shakespeare challenges this outlook is, ironically, in Polonius’ death. In Act Three, scene four, Polonius is casually and ignominiously killed by Hamlet : ‘O, I am slain. ‘ Polonius expresses surprise as much as anything, while Hamlet ‘s words reinforce the irony of Polonius’ self- importance: ‘I took thee for thy better. Take thy fortune: Thou find’st to be too busy in some danger. ‘ Polonius is clearly at home in this ordered society and shows a passive acceptance of the status quo. He has a simple medieval outlook on life and clearly values his duty to his God and king; however, he dies by ridiculous accident. Although throughout his life he has clearly endeavoured to serve these two entities to the best of his ability, he still dies an unnatural, brutal death. Shakespeare is therefore illustrating the irrelevance that these values have to life, both in Shakespeare’s era and now. The statement which Polonius makes in Act Two Scene Two about duty to God and King allows the reader to infer a lot about the character of Polonius and the world in which he lives- he does not seek new experience. These medieval certainties are also challenged in the character of Claudius. He is obviously not on the side of God- indeed, he seems to contradict the very reasoning of the church by the brutal manner in which he murders the king. It is ironic therefore that he seems to declare himself king by divine right as he actually dies with a guilty conscience: ‘There’s such divinity doth hedge a king That treason can but peep to what it would, Acts little of his will. ‘ Here it appears that Claudius has conveniently forgotten exactly how he became king. Shakespeare is challenging the idea of kingship. He is showing the court to be full of people who think things are the way they are because they have always been done that way, such as Polonius, Gertrude, Claudius, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. The character of Claudius highlights the corruption of the medieval court. The intrigue and machiavellian machinations of the court are self justifying to all these people; for example, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern deceive Hamlet and go behind his back simply because they are serving their king. In Shakespeare’s time deception and violence were commonplace if they would benefit the king. Although Claudius seems to take the moral high-ground throughout the play he has no good intentions toward Hamlet at all. Shakespeare’s Hamlet also challenges the institution of marriage- it is shown in the conduct of Gertrude and Claudius not be a sacred union but a justification for excessive promiscuity. Hamlet is distraught by his mother’s rapid re- marriage to his uncle after his father’s death: ‘To post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets’. Shakespeare invites us then to question the notion of a stable royal marriage, and the values that society had then and the values we have now. Hamlet is disgusted by their sexual excesses and, moreover feels he has been tainted by them: ‘O that this too too sullied flesh would melt, Thaw and resolve itself into a dew. ‘ Shakespeare is challenging the morality of the royal marriage- the fact that Gertrude marries the king’s own brother shortly after his death seems to suggest the absence of love. In Hamlet, the degree of emotion and true respect in marriage is shown to be weak- it is easily overruled by lust, as the ghost of the previous king states: ‘Let not the royal bed of Denmark be. A couch for luxury and damned incest’. Hamlet is an unconventional revenge tragedy- Shakespeare subverts the genre. Hamlet is reluctant to take revenge whereas Laertes is hot- headed, impulsive and ready to avenge the murder of Polonius: ‘It warms the very sickness in my heart That I shall live and tell him to his teeth, ‘Thus diest thou’. Shakespeare undermines the concept further by showing that Hamlet is not in fact a coward- his ideas are slightly more subtle. He is indeed hesitant about avenging his father’s murder- he passes up an opportunity to kill Claudius in Act Three, scene four, as he does not want to kill him in an act of redemption. This goes against the traditional idea of medieval and Jacobean revenge: ‘A villain kills my father, and for that To heaven. Why, this is hire and salary, not revenge. ‘ This is a challenge to the genre because Hamlet is prepared to bide his time in order to achieve the perfect murder- he wont be spontaneous and impulsive. This is shown by the fact that he passes up an opportunity to kill Claudius. Shakespeare’s Hamlet has a good degree of relevance to life in the twenty- first century. Although some of the major themes, such as the court and incest, are no longer applicable to modern life, we can relate to some of the underlying themes such as love, sorrow and resentment; we can relate to the emotional distress. Reasoning in Medieval Denmark where the play is set nor indeed in Jacobean society is not so different to our reasoning today- the majority of people today may not believe in ghosts but characters in the play, such as Horatio, and some people in Jacobean society do not believe in ghosts either. In Act one, scene five, Hamlet makes this very thought- provoking comment to Horatio: ‘There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, Than are dreamt of in your philosophy’. We have our certainties today- in the form of scientific reasoning; but our certainties are equally open and capable of being challenged. One of the main themes in Hamlet is death- we are still uncertain about what happens after we die. The character of Hamlet himself has a romantic, post modernist way of thinking; everything is relative and there are no certainties- only thoughts: ‘Nothing is good or bad. Thinking makes it so. ‘ In a sense here Hamlet can be compared to the Romantics. Keats wrote in the context of Shakespeare: †Twixt damnation and impassion’d clay’. (‘On Sitting Down To Read King Lear’) This in a sense is what underpins Shakespeare’s Hamlet- the idea that whatever certainties are held in any given era will always be questionable, and open to discussion. Our certainties will always be challenged because nothing is definite, or absolute. This romantic concept is based on the idea that this is what life is about- challenging certainties in order to try and discover the ineffable truth about this world and the next.

The State Of Education During Sub Saharan Africa - 870 Words

The state of education in Sub-Saharan Africa is in crisis. UNICEF (2013) research has shown that 40 million children in Africa currently do not attend school. The enrollment figures indicate that there are fewer educational opportunities in sub-Saharan Africa than in the five countries in the northern part of the continent. More than 100 million children of primary school age do not attend school worldwide, of which a vast majority of these children are in sub-Saharan Africa (UNICEF, 2013). However, the research also shows that even if these children could attend school, the existing schools are not equipped to provide for them (Samhoff, 2003). Rampant poverty, economic turmoil, and disease have taken over the sub-Saharan countries. Poverty, economic decline, and disease are interrelated factors contributing to the poor education system in sub-Saharan countries. Economic decline has led to increased poverty throughout the continent. Poverty makes preventing and fighting disease nearl y impossible due to lack of affordable medicine and sanitation. Disease puts a strain on the labor force, because the sick are unable to work which attributes to economic instability. This is a simplistic example, but it is clear that poverty, economic decline, and disease create a vicious cycle. This paper will examine in-depth the causes and effects of poverty, economic decline, and disease (specifically HIV/AIDS), how they affect the education system, and how education may be a solution.Show MoreRelatedThe Link Between British Colonization Of Sub Saharan Africa And Lasting Economic Problems990 Words   |  4 PagesSociety misrepresents Africa as disease ridden, uncivilized, overpopulated and poor. It is generalized as one united nation rather than fifty-four individual states, and is conceived as an inferior nation. European nations deployed a mission of colonization to bring the continent civilization. This paper interprets the link between British colonization of Sub-Saharan A frica and lasting economic problems evident today. The argument of British underdevelopment in Africa draws on studies collected onRead MoreEuropean Colonization On Sub Saharan African Education760 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean Colonization on Sub-Saharan African Education Before the Europeans came and colonized much of Africa, including its schooling systems, many educational practices in Africa consisted of groups of older people, known as elders, teaching aspects of life such as rituals and rites of passage, helping to transition children into adulthood. Almost every member of the African community played a part in the educational upbringing of a child. However, when European colonialism began to take placeRead MoreAdverse Health Effects of Adolescent Pregnancy Essays1451 Words   |  6 Pageswidespread sexual education in American schools. Though in general teenage pregnancy rates have declined, the rate of teenage pregnancy in America is the highest among all other developed countries. The teen pregnancy rate in America is almost twice as high as the rate in Canada, a similar country (â€Å"Facts on America Teens’†, 2013). Although the adolescent birth rate in America is declining, the adverse outcomes still affect a large number o f teenagers in America. The current state of adolescent pregnanciesRead MoreThe Current Youth Is The Future1431 Words   |  6 Pagesyouth that are shaping our world are being taught to exploit gaping security voids, how to use military grade weapons, and participate in endemic corruption. SSG-Advisors is working to end the extremism violence that is taking over the youth in Sub-Saharan Africa. SSG Advisors is a development company with innovative approaches to development challenges, which strive to combine the private sectors and the community to act as partners instead of beneficiaries. With the current global development challengesRead MoreThe United States1518 Words   |  7 Pagesmany years Africa has been floating in the U.S radar. The U.S has looked for ways to cultivate the land, understand the culture; people and strengthens its relationship with the African government. In recent years the continent has grown significantly with the opportunity of U.S market access and the creation of new export trade avenues to Africa. In May 2000, The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), a unilateral, trade agreement between Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States, launched newRead MoreElectoral Pressures In Africa Case Study1531 Words   |  7 Pagesnot? In you answer, be sure to contrast the pre- and post-1990 periods, and use the experience of two African countries to support your answer Electoral pressures and economic policies in Africa: Past records and prospects Introduction: The 1990s represent a period of electoral pressures for most Sub-Saharan African countries as governments faced external influences for political liberalization but also waves of domestic mobilization and protests to demand a better economy, accountable and transparentRead MoreHow Trade in West Africa Encouraged The Spread of Islam1151 Words   |  5 PagesHOW TRADE IN WEST AFRICA ENCOURAGED THE SPREAD OF ISLAM Islam, a monotheistic and spiritually based religion which refers to the act of giving great reverence to the Supreme Being, â€Å"submission to God† was found in the Saudi Arabian countries by the Prophet Muhammad in 610 C.E.1 The religion which was renowned for its triumph, patent power with an open set of beliefs about the Dos and the DONTs so as to gain access to heaven spread spontaneously as people learned of it through trade.1 It is todayRead MoreSpread Of Hiv / Aids1574 Words   |  7 PagesThe Spread of HIV/AIDs in Sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa has been singled out as having the most serious HIV epidemic in the world. There is need to curb the spread of HIV in the continent by leveraging the knowledge and skills necessary to understand the factors responsible for the spread of the disease. This paper attempts to investigate the risk factors involved in the spread of HIV and how to reduce HIV prevalence regardless of these risks factors. The paper then goes a step further andRead More The Devlopment of Modern Africa Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pages The Development of Modern Africa nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the wealth of natural resources and the prevalence of wealth in the northern segments of Africa have led many to speculate about the equity and economic development in the sub-Sahara. Unfortunately, the progression of economic, political and social factors in this region have done little to improve the overall conditions, and have instead demonstrated a consistent bias towardsRead MoreHiv / Aids Has Stunted The Progression Of African Economy And Education System1737 Words   |  7 Pagesas South Africa, these activities are not monitored or sanitized and the risk of attainting HIV/AIDS is high. By affecting over twelve percent of South Africa’s population since its first diagnosis in 1983 and adding to the country’s existing economic decline and education inequalities, HIV/AIDS has stunted the progression of the South African economy and education system. If the economic and educational reso urce gaps between people living in third world countries, such as South Africa, and first

Sex Education Teaching Sexual Education - 1827 Words

Teaching Sexual Education In Schools Sex. You may ask, sex, why do we want to talk about sex? Well simply because if we don t talk about sex now then when? We are sitting here watching teens get pregnant and yet we still are not talking about sex. Along with that more and more kids are sending nudes to be exact 13% of 14- 24 year olds have sent multiple naked photos (Indianapolis Recorder Newspaper). Then we have the fact that ages 15 - 24 are 25% of the sexually active population but obtain a little over half of all stds and stis (Indianapolis Recorder Newspaper). Sexual Education should be taught in school to help lower teen pregnancy rates, how much std’s and sti’s there are among people ages 15-24 (Indianapolis Recorder Newspaper) There are many benefits that comes immediately after or during the class; However sexual education classes do have some down falls. First let s look in brief at some of the downfalls of teaching sexual education. Although sexual educatio n may seem like a great idea, it does have a numerous amount of downfalls. Such as it just may excite and or embarrass students (Sex Education in Schools Pros and Cons By Alison Mia Parker). It may excite students because they may not have known what exactly happened during the process of sexual intercourse and if the class is being taught very graphically about how sexual intercourse and sti/stds work (Sex Education in Schools Pros and Cons By Alison Mia Parker). It can also go against some moralShow MoreRelatedThe Separation Of Sex Education1012 Words   |  5 PagesWhen it comes to the subject of teaching sexual education you must take into consideration of the method of what is taught. The methods of teaching are, abstinence only and comprehensive. While abstinence only focuses on abstinence from sexual behavior and does not include any method of contraceptive. As for comprehensive informs students about contraceptives, sexual transmitted diseases as well as the option for abst inence. Many states have different laws and regulations as to what method they canRead MoreComprehensive Sexual Education Of The United States1219 Words   |  5 Pages† Smith refers to the inadequate sexual education of teenagers in the United States. Sexual education is the instruction on issues about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships. Comprehensive sex education teaches about abstinence, condoms, and contraceptives to avoid sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and unplanned pregnancies. As well as, the skills needed to help young people explore their own values and options. Comprehensive sexual education should be taught in the United StatesRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught? High School?997 Words   |  4 PagesTeenagers and sex are two words that are often heard together, whether we like it or not, teenagers are having sex. Some schools don’t teach sexual education and because of that students are suffering. There’s no way to make teenagers not have sex but there is away to teach them about having safe sex, that is why I believe that we need to require sexual education be taught in high school. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, â€Å"Only 22 states require public schools to teach sex educationRead MoreSex Education : A Part Of American Culture1566 Words   |  7 Pagesdecades, sex education in US public schools has been a debatable issue for a minority of people (Shindel Parish, 2013). Healthcare workers insist that with a rise in sexually transmitted infections and unwanted pregnancies among teenagers, sex education is desperately needed in school. On the other hand, there are some parents and other citizens who strongly believe that sex education is something that parents should be teaching to their children. These individuals feel that sex education coursesRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education1253 Words   |  6 Pagesteach sexual education classes, or teach abstinence education classes? Pregnancy rates in America are slowly decreasing, but are still extremely high. According to K. F. Stanger-Hall (2011), Pregnancy rates in America are more than double the rates of other countries with 72.2% per 1000 girls between the ages of 15-19 becoming pregnant. The best way to lower teen pregnancy is to teach about prevention in schools with sex education or abstinence classes. Teenagers need to learn about sex so thatRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Incorporated Into Public Schools?1372 Words   |  6 PagesFor Sex Education in Public Schools An observation of the prevalent television programs and popular topics broadcasted in the media often depict teenagers with an air of promiscuity. Is teenage pregnancy really an uncontrolled epidemic, as depicted in shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant†? Are a vast majority of teenagers exchanging racy photos of their bodies with each other? If so, are teenagers acting out because of too much sex education? Or is the outbreak of hyper-sexualized activity linked to lackRead MoreSex Education For Public Schools1426 Words   |  6 PagesSex Education Research Paper Sex education being taught in public schools is a reoccurring topic in many schools. More recently, it has also caught the attention of the public again due to rising unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease among young teenagers in the US over the last decade or so. â€Å"Each year, U.S. teens experience as many as 850,000 pregnancies, and youth under age 25 experience about 9.1 million sexually transmitted infections† (McKeon). Sex Education is attempting toRead MoreSex Education Is An Important, Emotional And Controversial1645 Words   |  7 PagesSex education is an important, emotional and controversial topic to teach youth in today’s world. The question is, what is the best information, and the best way to teach them? Comprehensive sex education is teaching teens how to practice safe sex, providing teens with types of protection, and how to use it, as well as services and resources available to help them in making decisions to practice safe sex. Abst inence-only programs teach teens to not have sex, or anything â€Å"arousing† until marriageRead MoreSex Education Is Inappropriate And Harmful869 Words   |  4 Pageslack of sex education in schools. Statistics show that 3 in 10 teenagers are becoming pregnant every year, and 1 in four teenagers are contracting sexually transmitted infections. There are numerous opposing views towards the teaching of comprehensive sex education in school districts. Many people are opposed to this because they believe that it encourages premarital sexual promiscuity in young adults, is destructive to religious belief, and is inappropriate and harmful. â€Å"Comprehensive Sex EducationRead MoreA Brief Analysis Of Sex Education1134 Words   |  5 PagesA Brief Analysis of Sex Education from Inception to the Present The topic of sex education conjures up much controversy regarding what should be taught, how it should be taught, or if it should be taught at all. The overarching goal of including sex education in public school curriculum should be to promote a lifelong healthy sexuality, and with this goal comes the hope that the inclusion of sex education in public schools will delay sexual activity. According to an article by David J. Landry, Jacqueline

Evolution and Darwin Essay - 1635 Words

Evolution and Darwin In a society based on survival of the fittest, adaptation and evolution are the keys to success. If there is a hurdle that a species cannot conquer as it is, it will then do everything it must to overcome it, even if that means change. Throughout time, evolution has helped us to thrive in the toughest of times. The human species is at the top of its class, overthrown by no other, but what happens when a species begins to encounter hurdles within its own society? Can the human species overthrow itself, making a new kind of human? (Bear 195) Did Charles Darwin leave out the last piece of the puzzle? If adaptation and evolution are inevitable when faced with a problem, then the demise of our species as we know it and†¦show more content†¦The two extreme beliefs as well as the mixed belief are displayed in Darwins Radio. Those who are able to have faith in their bodies rather than making up their minds right away eventually see the truth while the rest of the population is left in the dark. Those who do not believe in evolution do not act rationally. They see the SHEVA babies as the devils spawnborn with the mark of Satan. (Bear 433) Those who have lived their entire life believing that God created us all and we never evolved from anything have no way of seeing the possibility that the SHEVA virus may be the next step in evolution. Without the possibility of evolution, the SHEVA virus can only be seen as an outbreak that must be stopped, but at what cost? The people with a strong religious McCandless 3 background are pictured as ignorant in Darwins Radio. There is an outcry for the government to think up a way to stop the spread of the SHEVA virus, but when the suggestion of using RU-486 to abort these new SHEVA fetuses is presented, there is yet another outcry for saving the lives of these babies. With riots and picketing in the streets, begging for a solution, while at the same time referring to RU-486 as genocide, the government is at a loss. However, the public does not understand why there is no quick and easy solution. With so much pressure, the government begins to go into extremes. Even the vice president listens as Augustine, the head of the Task Force, tells himShow MoreRelatedDarwin And Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1201 Words   |  5 PagesIt is often thought today that the theory of evolution started with Darwin and begun in the nineteenth Hundreds. Nonetheless, the thought of species changing over the years, had picked up for a long time in one shape to something else. It was denied by the maximum, due to the defender whom did not had any slight idea dealing with a gratifying mechanism that would analyze in innovation. The utmost significant evolutionary beliefs pervious to Darwin were of Lamarck and Geoffrey Hillarie, advanced aroundRead MoreEvolution Before Darwin1590 Words   |  7 Pagesbecome friends with it. Much the same way Darwin based his theory of evolution on patterns that he had observed on the Galapagos Islands, I base the arguments presented in this paper on patterns that I have observed in ancient creation myths regarding the creation of the world. What once felt like a random bombardment of infinite stories, now feels like a handful of calculable stories told by an infinite number of story tellers. Darwins theory of evolution, his creation myth regarding the origin ofRead MoreEvolution of Darwin and Christianity2002 Words   |  9 PagesEvolution of Darwin and christianity Since time immemorial man has always questioned the origins of life and himself . The answer to that question as there are three alternatives , namely the creation , transformation , or evolutionary biology . The definition of biological evolution varies from studied biological aspects . Some definitions are common in biology books , among others : the evolution of living things is the changes experienced by living beings slowly over a long time and loweredRead MoreDarwin s Theory On Evolution1018 Words   |  5 PagesDarwin’s theory on Evolution Evolution is the belief that all living forms including humans came from ancient ancestors. Evolution is what makes life possible. It allows organisms to adapt to the environment as it changes. In Biology, theory of evolution does not tell us how life began on earth, but it helps us understand how life came into existence, diversified in many forms on earth, and fossil records. Scientists have many theories on evolution. One of the theories suggests all the healthyRead MoreEvolution and Charles Darwin Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesCharles Robert Darwin has had the greatest influence on the world by proving the evolution of living things. Charles Darwin had first noticed the similarities of plants and animals when he took a five-year cruise on the H.M.S. Beagle, which was available to him through a friend from school. During the cruise Charles Darwin started becoming interested with the similarities between the plants and animals that were similar on different islands with similar climates, so he decided to study them moreRead MoreCharles Darwin : The Father Of Evolution Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages Charles Darwin is widely regarded as the father of evolution because of his extensive work explaining how species became what we see now. The theory of evolution is the change in characteristics of species from generation to generation. Through evolution, the earth gains biodiversity; species begin, change, or die. Using both fossils and living species, scientists are able to reconstruct a biological tree, grouping similar species together to trace their way back to the last common ancestor. ThroughRead MoreDarwin s Theory Of Evolution1115 Words   |  5 Pagesbelieve is the forth coming of evolution or what they deem to be the reasoning behind its development. However, Charles Darwin would change the theories of evolution and would go down in history as one of the greatest influential figures in human existence. Although some scientist disagree with Darwinà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Theory, Darwin is the only person who was able to provide sufficient evidence to prove his theory of evolution. The one question that remains, Can God and evolution co-exist? Darwin’s Education andRead MoreCharles Darwin And Evolution Of Humans1643 Words   |  7 PagesTiger Sikka Mr. Pimentel WCIV-H May 4th 2015 Charles Darwin (Intro) A man named Charles Darwin forever changed the world, especially within western civilizations. The idea of how humans and animals came to be was very confusing and there was no set reason of this. People forever wondered how they came to be on this planet. Many different ideas and theories were made, but there was no scientific reasoning on exactly the way humans and animals are here. Today, the theory is still in debate. It isRead MoreCharles Darwin, The Father Of Evolution835 Words   |  4 PagesI dual credit 14 December 2015 Evolution Charles Darwin, the father of evolution, wisely stated, â€Å"It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.† This statement directly reflects my opinion on the theory of evolution and that of Charles Darwin. Our species has evolved over time and adapted to the conditions that faced us. Charles Darwin, his background and discoveries, along with the evolution of human beings over time proveRead MoreCharles Darwin : Father Of Evolution1582 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Darwin:Father of Evolution Charles Robert Darwin was born February 12, 1809. He is best known for his theory on evolution and and for his phenomenal book On the Origin of Species, which laid the foundation for evolutionary studies and is considered a landmark work in human history. Charles Darwin was a med school dropout but his real passion was for the great outdoors. Charles Darwin served as an unpaid naturalist on a science expedition on board HMS Beagle. The rich variety of animal and

Third transmission Australia Pan Australia

Questions: 1. Using your knowledge of statutory interpretation consider whether any of the following sells or hires or offers for sale or hire or gives to any other person any knife which has a blade which opens automatically by hand pressure applied to a button, spring or other device in or attached to the handle of the knife and therefore commits an offence under s1(1) of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959: (i) Jane, a youth worker, confiscates a flick knife from a member of her youth club and gives it to her supervisor. Tony, an antique dealer, displays an old military knife with a spring opening device in his shop window with a price ticket attached to it. Fola buys an unopened box of kitchen utensils from a car boot sale. Without examining the contents closely she donates the box to a charity shop. The box is found to contain a flick knife. 2. Critically analyse the following case and say whether or not you think that the plaintiff will succeed under the tort of negligence: John was the batsman in a cricket match. He hit the ball so hard that it went over the brick wall that surrounded the cricket ground over the road outside and hit Mr Smith, who had just opened the front door of his house. Mr Smith sued the cricket club for negligence. Mr Smith had a nasty injury on his head caused by the ball. It was stated in court that the ball had been hit over the wall only three times in the last ten years. High Distinction Distinction Credit Pass Fail 21-25 points 16-20 points 11-15 points 6-10 points 0-5 points Demonstrated knowledge of legal concepts Demonstrated legal research Application of legal principles to the problem Constructed legal argument Answer: 1. In this case Jane has not committed an offence under section 1 of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959, as in this statute it is clearly mentioned that if any person produces, or intends to sell or intends to give on hire, or lends to any other person, or any knife which contains a blade, which may be get open by any sort of hand pressure or by any other means or any flick knife then such a person shall be liable for punishment under this act, the person who will commit such an offence for the first time, shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may be extended to three months or with fine which may be extended to fifty pounds or for the subsequent occasions the term of imprisonment shall be six months and the fine would be up to two hundred pounds (Legislation.gov.uk, 2015). Here Jane has confiscated the knife from one of the member of the youth club with an intention to place it in secure place so that no unfortunate event may occurs, for that purpose she ha s not kept the knife with her, rather she gave the knife to her superior that is the supervisor. Jane has vested trust on the supervisor as he is the superior personnel upon her, and delivered the knife which could be a dangerous weapon, to her superior authority. For that purpose Jane is not an offender under the provision of the concern statute (Koziol, Schulze and Antoniolli, 2008). ii) If Tony has any authorization from the competent authority in respect of selling this kind antique goods then he shall be exempted but if he do not possesses such an authorization then he shall be guilty under the provision of section 1 of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959, as in the concern statute it is specifically mentioned that if any person exposes or have in possession to sell or to give on hire any flick knife then such a person shall be liable for punishment under the provisions of this act, for imprisonment of a term which may be extended for three months and fine of fifty pounds for the first commission and for the subsequent commission the term of imprisonment may be extended to six months and the fine would be two hundred pounds (Peterson, 2013). Here, Tony has not only exposed the goods in concern but also shows his intention to sell it by attaching a price tag along with the product in dispute. For that purpose he shall be liable under the provision of this act, but as he is an antique dealer, he have to deal with such kind of things, so he have to obtain a prior authorization before giving that thing in exhibition in his store for the purpose of selling the flick knife (Higgins, 2008). This may be a subject of exception, but nevertheless, unless to any contrary, if Tony does not have any prior authorization from the competent authority then he shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of this act (Savarin, 2007). iii) Here Fola is totally exempted from the provisions contained in section 1 of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959. In any criminal activity or any wrong act from the part of the respondent, the intention plays a major role at the time of deciding the commission of the offence or the wrongful act. Here, Foal was not aware of the fact that the box she purchased containing any flick knife. She bought the box in a good faith from the seller and depending upon such good faith she delivered the concern box into the charity. In the provision of section 1 of the Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959, if any person keeps the flick knife with an intention to sell it or to give it on hire, or who sells or gives on hire any such thing shall be liable for the punishment imposed under the provision of this act (Moffatt, Fitzgerald and Goh, 2004). Here, Fola neither kept it with an intention to sell the flick knife nor she delivered the flick knife deliberately to the charity, she bought the concern box in good faith as well as she delivered it on a good faith, so she is not guilty under the provision of this act. There nothing mentioned about the negligence factor from the part of the purchaser, so cannot be compelled because of the negligence in accordance with the provision of this act (Heath, 2009). 2. Under the mentioned circumstances John is not liable for causing negligence. Here John is a sports person, basically a batsman in field of cricket. No cricketer would like hit any other person while he is bating with an intention to do so (Linden, Feldthusen and Brecher, 2007). At the time of playing a game, especially a outdoor game, the sports persons relating to that particular game gets very much involved and they used to try their level best for performing in the match. If a batsman hits for a six, the ball will automatically sail out of the park, and it is quite possible that it may hit any person in the crowd or any other person. Here from the part of the batsman no rule of negligence applies at all. There are many instances in international level of cricket where many time the ball hit a person sitting in the crowd and that person has been injured as well. It is not possible for a batsman at the time of doing batting to measure the ball regarding how far it will reach, the only thing upon which the batsman concentrate at the time of bating is to hit the ball so hard that it will not fall within the boundary of the ground, if it falls within the boundary the batsman could get caught out by the fielders, but if it goes beyond the boundary the batsman will get a six run. At the time of bating it is not possible for the person who is batting to decide the length up to which the ball could fly, if it supposed to be done then no one would have been a player like Sir, Donald Bradman or Ricky Luis Ponting. In many famous case decision it also observed that negligence is applicable up to a certain level it and in some specific circumstances act of negligence is not applicable as well as the act may be exempted. In the famous case of Liverpool Catholic Club Ltd Vs Moor, it was observed by the Ld. Court that the nature of an act of negligence depends upon the act itself as well as the circumstances and the intention from the part of the defendant. While deciding any act of negligence it is have to be considered that the respondent actually had any intention to do so and the respondent percussively take the due care of what he is doing or not. But if any unfortunate event occurs by virtue of any act done with due care or any act led by the circumstances then it would not be an act of negligence but it shall be considered as an accident (Liverpool Catholic Club Ltd v Moor, [2014]). In the famous case of Reid v Commercial Club (Albury) Ltd, it was observed by the Honorable Court of law that, there is a liability which is known as occupiers liability. It is the duty of the occupier to take due precautions and care in relation to the events which may happen in respect of the ongoing circumstances. The occupier is at a duty to protect himself as well as his belongings from any kind of unfortunate event rather any kind of accidents which may occur. Any occupier without fulfilling his part of duty is not entitled to get anything in against of the accidental act. The occupier has the liability to protect his belongings he cannot taken things for granted as like in spite of knowing the consequences not taking appropriate measures in relation to restricting the act which may again happen in the future course. Here, the occupier that is Mr. Smith was well known about the fact that a match is going on in his neighborhood and previous instances was also know to Mr. Smith, in spite of that he has not taken any measure regarding the safety or he has not even communicated to the club before that event regarding the safety measure or things to be look after by the club officials (Reid v Commercial Club (Albury) Ltd, [2014]). So, after the above discussion it can be said that negligent act can only be considered when there is no involvement from the part of the circumstances or situation in most portion (Oyston v St Patrick's College, [2014]). Another factor which is to be taken into consideration that whether the occupier of any property, who has suffered from any loss or injury due to such act of negligence, has taken proper precautions and due care of his property or not, if that person has not taken care of his property then this is a kind of negligence from the part of himself and by virtue of that he cannot claim damages (Echin v Southern Tablelands Gliding Club, [2013]). References: Echin v Southern Tablelands Gliding Club[2013]. Heath, J. (2009).Third transmission. Australia: Pan Australia. Higgins, S. (2008).Eye of the beast. North Sydney, N.S.W.: Random House Australia. Koziol, H., Schulze, R. and Antoniolli, L. (2008).Tort law of the European Community. Wien: Springer. Legislation.gov.uk, (2015).Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/7-8/37/section/1 [Accessed 7 Mar. 2015]. Linden, A., Feldthusen, B. and Brecher, J. (2007).Negligence. Markham, Ont.: LexisNexis. Liverpool Catholic Club Ltd v Moor[2014]. Moffatt, S., Fitzgerald, J. and Goh, D. (2004).New South Wales recorded crime statistics 2003. Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research. Oyston v St Patrick's College[2014]. Peterson, D. (2013). Offensive Cyber Weapons: Construction, Development, and Employment.Journal of Strategic Studies, 36(1), pp.120-124. Reid v Commercial Club (Albury) Ltd[2014]. Savarin, J. (2007).Sunset and the major. Sutton, Surrey: Severn House.

The Accidental Tourist Essay Research Paper In free essay sample

The Accidental Tourist Essay, Research Paper In what ways is Macon the Accidental Tourist? The logo on the forepart of all Macon # 8217 ; s travel ushers is a image of a winged armchair and Macon # 8217 ; s married woman Sarah believed that this was non merely the logo for The Accidental Tourist books, but for Macon himself. Julian describes metaphor of the winged armchair as # 8220 ; while armchair travellers dream of traveling topographic points, going armchairs dream of remaining put # 8221 ; , and Macon does his best to assist his readers feel as if they have neer left place. He advises them on the best topographic points to eat and remain, the topographic points that are most like those in America. However, contriving these methods and systems to do it experience as if he neer left place is non a job for Macon. He does non contrive the systems to assist other people, but himself. We will write a custom essay sample on The Accidental Tourist Essay Research Paper In or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Sarah is right in claiming that the winged armchair is Macon # 8217 ; s logo, because it does stand for him # 8211 ; he wants to remain place, but is being moved around all over the universe, and has to make his best to do it look like place. In world, Macon is the Accidental Tourist and the book is more a certification of the systems he uses to acquire through life than a # 8216 ; guide # 8217 ; book. The Accidental Tourist books are less travel ushers and more # 8216 ; instructional ushers for life # 8217 ; , stating the reader how to populate with minimal uncomfortableness, without opening up and concealing within your ain cocoon unmindful to the remainder of the universe. This is precisely how Macon lives every twenty-four hours of his life, and non merely those when he is going. He lives his full life seeking to box himself so that nil will alter him, nil will upset him and nil can harm him. His books reflect this clearly and this is why Sarah considers his books so simila r to himself. The books are about Macon # 8211 ; The Accidental Tourist.Above wholly, Macon wants to command everything. He likes for nil to be left to opportunity. When traveling, he merely takes what he can transport on to the plane, to eliminate the risk of lost luggage, as well as taking his own travel sized soap powder so that he can clean his clothes without having to worry about foreign laundries and their detergents. His aim is to control his life – to make sure that nothing can ever go wrong, to make sure that nothing can break through his protective ‘cocoon’. Macon’s desire to control his own life in such a regimented way is probably due to the fact that he doesn’t trust other people. He feels that he cannot rely on others and instead can only trust himself. This is probably due to his mother, who was indecisive, moving apartments and changing the style of their lives. However, Ethan’s death would have also added to this distrust of people as a whole and would have made him more defensive than ever. It is understandable, though, that Macon should distrust people, because Ethan’s death showed so clearly how evil people are and how you can never judge what anot her person is about to do.Macon understands that life is a journey and in knowing this treats his entire life as he does his travel. He attempts to travel through life without changing anything and without having to make decisions. Macon wants to sit back and watch life pass him by – he doesn’t want to get caught up in the spontaneous flow of life where he can be pushed, pulled and changed by forces out of his reach. He is unexcited by life, its spontaneity and uncertainty and would rather sit back and watch the stream of life flow past him, so that he could remain unaffected and unchanged. In a small way, he does achieve this, and it is made clear with the way Macon is so eager to give away Ethan’s posessions after Ethan is killed. In this way, he seems to remain unchanged, as he wanted, but inside, he never really gets over Ethan’s death and this could also be attributed to the fact that Macon never properly mourned his death, and instead went on with l ife as if nothing had ever happened.